Apparatus and methods for reading an identification code from a mailpiece

ABSTRACT

Apparatus and methods consistent with the present invention provide for reading an identification code from a mailpiece. In one embodiment, there are a reader unit and a reader head assembly connected by an optical cable, which provide for the identification of a mailpiece in an identification code sorting system.

I. RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/152,194, filed Aug. 31, 1999, which is hereinincorporated by reference.

II. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for identifyingand processing mail. More particularly, the present invention relates toapparatus and methods for using an identification code on a mailpiece asa redundant source of identification for identifying and processing themailpiece in a mail sorting system.

B. Description of the Related Art

Conventional systems for identifying and processing (e.g., sorting) mailrequire both human and mechanical operations. Human operations areinitially required to load the mail from a mail delivery repository intoa mechanical identification and processing system. Mechanical operationsthen attempt to identify the delivery address for each mailpiece and, ifsuccessful, to then process each mailpiece based on the deliveryaddress. Processing a mailpiece can be, for example, sorting themailpiece. If there is a failure to identify the delivery address of amailpiece mechanically, human operators are required again to identifythe delivery address. Likewise, if there is a failure to process themailpiece based on the delivery address, human operators are alsorequired again to process the mailpiece. Therefore, conventional systemsfor identifying and processing mail are dependent upon human operators,if the mechanical systems are unable to identify or process a mailpiece.

To identify mail with the conventional systems, mail is loaded into amechanical identification system, which automatically feeds eachmailpiece into an optical character reader (OCR) machine. The OCRmachine then attempts to “electronically read” the delivery address fromthe mailpiece in order to place the delivery address in a computer. Ifthe OCR machine cannot read the delivery address (e.g., the ZIP code),the mechanical device rejects the mailpiece. The rejected mailpiece maythen be fed into another mechanical device, which presents the mailpieceto a human operator, who “physically reads” the delivery address off themailpiece and key punches the delivery address into a computer. Once thedelivery address has been either electronically or physically read andplaced into a computer, the computer prints the delivery address on themailpiece, using a special code (e.g., a bar code, such as, a POSTNETcode).

To process mail with the conventional systems, mail is loaded into amechanical processing system, which automatically sorts each mailpieceby the destination address. The majority of conventional mechanicalprocessing systems sort each mailpiece based on a special code, such as,a ZIP code or a bar code (i.e., a POSTNET code). These mechanicalprocessing systems may contain an OCR machine, which can read and sort amailpiece based on the ZIP code. These mechanical processing systems mayalso contain a Bar Code Sorter, which can read and sort a mailpiecebased on the POSTNET code. If the mechanical processing system cannotread either the ZIP code or the POSTNET code, the system rejects themailpiece. The rejected mailpiece may then be processed by a humanoperator. The human operator may then determine why the mechanicalprocessing system rejected the mailpiece, solve the problem (e.g.,determine the ZIP code or reaffix the POSTNET code to the mailpiece),and then reload the mailpiece into the mechanical processing system forprocessing.

To improve upon these conventional systems for identifying andprocessing mail, the United States Postal Service developed an automatedsorting system, described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,649 (the '649 patent),which is herein incorporated by reference. One embodiment of the systemdisclosed in the '649 patent is a Remote Bar Code System (RBCS). Theembodiment of the RBCS described in the '649 patent provides for theelectronic sorting of mail using a bar code that is placed on the frontof each mailpiece, known as the POSTNET code, and another bar code thatis placed on the back of each mailpiece, known as the ITEM code.

In the RBCS, the POSTNET code corresponds to the delivery address forthe mailpiece, and the ITEM code corresponds to the mailpiece itself(i.e., the ITEM code is a means to “identify” each particularmailpiece). The POSTNET code represents a copy of the ZIP code in barcode format, and the POSTNET code can be used to route a mailpiece, ifthe ZIP code cannot be read. The ITEM code represents a unique code inbar code format, and the ITEM code can be used to identify eachparticular mailpiece, if the RBCS cannot otherwise identify themailpiece. For example, in the RBCS, the ITEM code can be linked to anelectronic image of the mailpiece taken at the time the mailpiece ismarked with the ITEM code by the RBCS. So, if the RBCS cannot identify amailpiece, the RBCS can recall the electronic image of the mailpiece,which contains a destination address, including the POSTNET code.

The identification and processing of mail in the RBCS is dependent uponthe use of either the POSTNET code or the ITEM code. When each mailpieceis identified by the RBCS, the ITEM code is first stored temporarilyuntil the mailpiece receives the POSTNET code and has been processed bythe RBCS. If the POSTNET code becomes illegible during processing, theITEM code may be used to obtain the POSTNET code. The ITEM code is usedto store a copy of the POSTNET code in a short-term memory until theRBCS has processed the mailpiece based on the POSTNET code. However,once the mailpiece has been processed and sorted based on the POSTNETcode, the RBCS can no longer access the ITEM code, because the RBCScannot store the ITEM code locally or transmit the ITEM code to otherRBCS sites.

As a result, a number of problems can arise if the POSTNET code cannotbe read by the RBCS. For instance, the POSTNET code on a mailpiece mightbe illegible as soon as it is applied due to the color or pattern of themailpiece. If so, the mailpiece may be fed into a letter mail labelingmachine that applies a white label to cover the illegible POSTNET code,and then, the mailpiece may be again fed into the RBCS system foridentification (and printing of a new POSTNET code on the white label).Additionally, the POSTNET code might be legible when applied, but becomeillegible during subsequent processing of the mailpiece. Because theITEM code is only stored until the completion of the initial processing,the RBCS cannot use the ITEM code to identify the POSTNET code duringsubsequent processing and sorting. Therefore, if the POSTNET codebecomes illegible during subsequent processing, the mailpiece can nolonger be sorted automatically by the RBCS. These problems with the RBCSresult in severe disadvantages, including diminishing the efficiency ofthe systems for identifying and processing mail and requiring excessivehuman intervention.

As indicated above, there are a number of shortcomings incumbent withthese conventional systems for identifying and processing mail. It istherefore desirable to overcome these shortcomings by developingapparatus and methods to identify and process mail when the ZIP code isillegible. It is also desirable to overcome these shortcomings bydeveloping apparatus and methods to identify and process mail when thePOSTNET code is illegible. It is further desirable to overcome theseshortcomings by developing apparatus and methods to identify and processmail when the ITEM code is illegible. It is still further desirable toovercome these shortcomings by developing apparatus and methods toestablish a redundant identification code, which may be globally used bya system for identifying and processing mail. It is additionallydesirable to overcome these shortcomings by developing apparatus andmethods to read an identification code by a system for identifying andprocessing mail. It is still additionally desirable to overcome theseshortcomings by developing apparatus and methods to identify and processmail where a redundant identification code is used with a global systemfor identifying and processing mail, where one or more the nodes of thesystem are connected via hardware or software.

III. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Apparatus and methods consistent with the present invention overcome theshortcomings of the conventional systems by using an identification codeon the back of each mailpiece as a redundant source of identificationfor identifying and processing mail in a mail sorting system.

Apparatus and methods consistent with the present invention read anidentification code from a mailpiece. In one embodiment, a signal isgenerated in response to the mailpiece being placed in front of aninfrared receiver at a reader head assembly. The signal is sent from thereader head assembly to a microprocessor in a reader unit over a signalcable, and a light source is illuminated to scan an identification codefrom the mailpiece. The scanned identification code is focused at afiber bundle that transmits the scanned identification code to a lightfilter unit. An output signal from the light filter unit is sent to asignal converter that converts the output signal to a digital signal,and the digital signal is sent from the signal converter to themicroprocessor. The digital signal is processed at the microprocessor toobtain the identification code, and the identification code is outputfrom the microprocessor to an output port.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth inpart in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious fromthe description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Theobjects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained bymeans of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory onlyand are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

IV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of theinvention and, together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified overview of the initial components orsteps in apparatus or methods for identifying and processing a mailpiececonsistent with the present invention;

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate embodiments of a mailpiece, consistent withapparatus or methods for identifying and processing mail consistent withone embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of an ID Tag in greater detail, as shown inFIG. 2B;

FIG. 4A depicts a simplified overview of a mailpiece as it enters a PostOffice in a Remote Bar Code System (RBCS);

FIG. 4B depicts a simplified overview of a mailpiece as it enters a PostOffice in an Identification Code Sorting (ICS) system;

FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a Remote Bar Code System (RBCS), as shownin FIGS. 2A and 4A;

FIG. 6A shows one embodiment of an Identification Code Sorting (ICS)system, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4B;

FIG. 6B shows an alternative embodiment of an Identification CodeSorting (ICS) system, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4B;

FIG. 7 is a detailed view of one embodiment of the section of an ICSsystem in which a mailpiece image (including an ID Tag) is processed todetermine a POSTNET code (or ZIP code) corresponding to the destinationaddress of a mailpiece, as shown in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an Image Control Unit(ICU) in greater detail;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Remote Computer Reader(RCR) in greater detail;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an Image Buffer ingreater detail;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Keying Site in greaterdetail;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Primary IdentificationCode Server/Secondary Identification Code Server (PICS/SICS) system, asshown in FIGS. 6A and 6B;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Primary IdentificationCode Server (PICS), as shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 shows one embodiment of how a PICS functions, as shown in FIG.13;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a SecondaryIdentification Code Server (SICS), as shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 15A is a diagram of one embodiment of a plurality of PrimaryIdentification Code Servers operating in national mode;

FIG. 15B illustrates one embodiment of a process by which the sharing ofmailpiece identification files takes place in national mode, as shown inFIG. 15A;

FIG. 16 depicts one embodiment of a PICS/SICS system incorporatingCommon Sorter Software;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Bar Code Sorter (BCS)system using Common Sorter Software to connect to a PICS;

FIG. 18 illustrates various embodiments of Bar Code Sorters using CommonSorter Software to connect to a PICS/SICS such as the BCS systems shownin FIG. 17;

FIGS. 19A-19C illustrate one embodiment for a process used by oneembodiment of Common Sorter Software during the identification andprocessing of a mailpiece by any of the Bar Code Sorters (BCS), such asthose shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a Bar Code Sorter (BCS) consistent withone embodiment of the present invention, for example, as used by a RBCS,which includes, for example, an RBCS ID Tag Reader;

FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a Bar Code Sorter (BCS) consistent withone embodiment of the present invention, for example, as used by an ICSsystem, which includes, for example, a Universal ID Tag Reader;

FIG. 22 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Universal ID TagReader (UIDTR);

FIG. 23 illustrates one embodiment of a UIDTR in greater detail, asshown in FIG. 22;

FIGS. 24A-24D illustrate the operation of one embodiment of a UIDTRwhile processing a mailpiece, according to one embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 25 shows optional components of an embodiment of a UIDTR such asthe UIDTR in FIG. 22; and

FIG. 26 shows still additional optional components of another embodimentof a UIDTR, such as the UIDTR in FIG. 22.

V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A. Introduction

Apparatus and methods consistent with the present invention provide foridentifying and processing mail using an identification code on amailpiece as a redundant source of identification information in a mailsorting system. In one embodiment, this information is stored in atemporary database and used for the identification and processing ofmail in a Remote Bar Code System (RBCS). In this embodiment, theidentification code enables the automation of mail sorting and otherprocessing tasks, reducing costs and delays in mail delivery services.In another embodiment, the identification and processing of mail occursin an Identification Code Sorting (ICS) system. In this embodiment, along-term database allows for mail sorting and other processing tasks ona national or global level.

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of theinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practiceof the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specificationand examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope andspirit of the invention being indicated by the appended claims.

B. Overview of a System for Identifying and Processing Mail

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified overview of the initial components orsteps in apparatus or methods for identifying and processing a mailpiececonsistent with the present invention. In FIG. 1, a mailpiece 100 isdelivered by a postal customer 102 to a Post Office 104. Mailpiece 100can be, for example, a letter or a package that postal customer 102wishes to send to a destination address. To do so, postal customer 102marks mailpiece 100 with a destination address and delivers it to PostOffice 104. Post Office 104 can be a United States Postal Service (USPS)Post Office, a USPS mailbox, or any other facility or location capableof receiving a mailpiece or other item for delivery to a destinationaddress using a system for identifying and processing mail.

1. POSTNET Code

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate embodiments of a mailpiece, consistent withapparatus or methods for identifying and processing mail consistent withone embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2A, mailpiece100 contains two sources of delivery information, a destination address200 and a POSTNET code 202 corresponding to destination address 200. Forexample, POSTNET code 202 can correspond to the ZIP code portion ofdestination address 200. POSTNET code 202 can be placed on mailpiece 100by postal customer 102 or by the USPS at a processing center, e.g., PostOffice 104. In systems consistent with apparatus or methods foridentifying and processing mail consistent with one embodiment of thepresent invention, POSTNET code 202 can be read and used to routemailpiece 100 to a delivery facility, such as a Post Office,corresponding to destination address 200 for the delivery information.Therefore, if destination address 200 is illegible, POSTNET code 202provides an alternative source of delivery information.

2. Identification Tag (ID. Tag)

As shown in FIG. 2B, in one embodiment, mailpiece 100 includes anidentification code 204, also known as an identification tag (ID Tag),which is unique to mailpiece 100. ID Tag 204 provides an alternativesource of delivery information in one embodiment of systems usingapparatus or methods for identifying and processing mail consistent withthe present invention. ID Tag 204 is printed on the back of mailpiece100 and represents a unique identification source for identifyingmailpiece 100. ID Tag 204 may be printed on mailpiece 100 in fluorescentink. As described below, in one embodiment of systems consistent withthe present invention, ID Tag 204 is used as a redundant source ofidentification throughout all phases of a mail identification andprocessing system.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of an ID Tag in greater detail, as shown inFIG. 2B. In this embodiment of the present invention, ID Tag 204 isrepresented by ID Tag bar code 300. ID Tag bar code 300 can contain barsand spaces indicating various information about mailpiece 100, includingclass of mail 304, origin optical character reader (OCR) number 306, dayof the month 308, time of day 310, and mailpiece sequence number 312.Class of mail code 304 can be represented by a single bit, representingeither a 0 or a 1 to indicate mail classification. Origin OCR number 306can be a series of 14 bits representing a machine ID number between 1and 3,999. Day of month code 308 can be a series of 7 bits representinga day of the month between 1 and 31. Time of day code 310 can be aseries of 7 bits representing a time of day, measured in half hourincrements, between 0 and 47. Mailpiece sequence number 312 can be aseries of 18 bits representing a mailpiece sequence order from 1 to25,000. In addition, ID Tag bar code 300 representing ID Tag 204 alsocontains a start code (such as a start bit) and a stop code (such as astop bit). In ID Tag bar code 300, start code 302 is represented by asingle bit and stop code 314 is represented by two bits. In oneembodiment of systems consistent with the present invention, thecombination of information represented in ID Tag bar code 300 uniquelyidentifies mailpiece 100. However, ID Tag 204 may be represented byformats other than ID Tag bar code 300.

C. Overview of Code-Based Systems for Identification and Processing Mail

1. Overview of RBCS

FIG. 4A depicts a simplified overview of a mailpiece as it enters a PostOffice in a Remote Bar Code System (RBCS). As shown in FIG. 4A,mailpiece 100 enters a RBCS 500 for identification and processing to adestination address. In RBCS 500, mailpiece 100 can be identified byPOSTNET code 202, which represents the ZIP code of the destinationaddress, or ID Tag 204, which is stored temporarily within RBCS 500during the initial identification and processing, as an identificationcode. RBCS 500 actually applies both POSTNET code 202 and ID Tag 204 tomailpiece 100. RBCS 500 first marks mailpiece 100 with ID Tag 204, andthen RBCS 500 marks mailpiece 100 with POSTNET code 202. Then, aftermailpiece 100 has been marked with POSTNET code 202 by RBCS 500,mailpiece 100 is then sorted in RBCS 500 based on POSTNET code 202,provided POSTNET code 202 is legible.

In RBCS 500, if POSTNET code 202 is not legible, RBCS 500 may use aspecial machine or a manual process to identify and process mailpiece100 to a destination address. To use the special machine (described indetail herein), RBCS 500 may identify and process mailpiece 100 based onID Tag 204. If ID Tag 204 is legible to this special machine, RBCS 500can obtain POSTNET code 202 from a temporary database and therebyidentify and continue to process mailpiece 100 to the destinationaddress. Specifically, if this occurs, RBCS 500 reapplies POSTNET code202 to mailpiece 100 and then again attempts to identify and processmailpiece 100 to the destination address. Notably, once mailpiece 100leaves RBCS 500, ID Tag 204 is no longer stored within RBCS 500.Therefore, once mailpiece 100 has been marked with POSTNET code 202 (andhas been verified by RBCS 500), ID Tag 204 can no longer be used toidentify mailpiece 100.

2. Overview of ICS

FIG. 4B depicts a simplified overview of a mailpiece as it enters a PostOffice in an Identification Code Sorting (ICS) system. As shown in FIG.4B, mailpiece 100 enters an ICS system 600 for identification andprocessing to a destination address, like mailpiece 100 enters RBCS 500.In addition, in ICS system 600, mailpiece 100 can be identified byPOSTNET code 202 and ID Tag 204, and ICS system 600 applies both POSTNETcode 202 and ID Tag 204 to mailpiece 100. And, mailpiece 100 is alsosorted by ICS system 600 based on POSTNET code 202, once ICS system 600has marked mailpiece 100 with POSTNET code 202. However, in contrast toRBCS 500, ID Tag 204 can be used in ICS system 600 at any time duringthe processing of mailpiece 100 from Post Office 104 to the destinationaddress.

Consistent with one embodiment of the present invention, ICS system 600utilizes computer hardware and software to maintain a long-term databasefor a plurality of ID Tags 204. In ICS system 600, if POSTNET code 202becomes illegible, ID Tag 204 provides a source by which mailpiece 100can be automatically identified and processed in ICS system 600throughout the entire mail identification and processing system, wherebyICS system 600 references a long-term database stored within ICS system600. In addition, ICS system 600 also enables many advanced processingcapabilities based on ID Tag 204, including, for example, redundant ZIPcode confirmation.

3. Detailed Description of RBCS

FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a Remote Bar Code System (RBCS), as shownin FIGS. 2A and 4A. When mailpiece 100 with destination address 200enters Post Office 104 using RBCS 500, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4A,processing begins at an Input Subsystem (ISS) 502. A piece of equipmentat ISS 502, such as a MultiLine Optical Character Reader InputSubsystem, sprays (i.e., prints) ID Tag 204 onto the back of mailpiece100 using, for example, fluorescent ink. ISS 502 also takes an image ofmailpiece 100 (e.g., a digital image) and attempts to resolve the ZIPcode portion of destination address 200, that is, ISS 502 attempts todetermine POSTNET code 202 in sufficient detail to enable delivery ofmailpiece 100 to destination address 200. Sufficient detail may be, forexample, a ZIP code with 5, 9, or 11 digits. If ISS 502 successfullyresolves the ZIP code portion of destination address 200, ISS 502 thenalso sprays POSTNET code 202 corresponding to destination address 200onto the front of mailpiece 100, for example, using nonfluorescent ink.Once RBCS 500 has affixed ID Tag 204 and POSTNET code 202 to mailpiece100, ISS 502 then sends the POSTNET code information from POSTNET code202 and the ID Tag information from ID Tag 204 to Image Control Unit(ICU) 508, where the POSTNET code information from POSTNET code 202 andthe ID Tag information from ID Tag 204 is stored in Decision StorageUnit (DSU) 514.

If ISS 502 can resolve the ZIP code from destination address 200, andobtain POSTNET code 202 on mailpiece 100, ISS 502 then verifies POSTNETcode 202 to confirm that POSTNET code 202 is legible. POSTNET code 202may not be legible and may result in a verify error, if, for instance,mailpiece 100 is a color other than white or has a pattern that obscuresPOSTNET code 202. If ISS 502 cannot verify POSTNET code 202, mailpiece100 is sent to an Output Subsystem 504 and marked for processing by aLetter Mail Labeling Machine (LMLM) 506. At LMLM 506, a white label isapplied over the illegible POSTNET code, and mailpiece 100 is manuallyfed into OSS 504. The white label creates a clear area on mailpiece 100,and RBCS 500 then reapplies POSTNET code 202 onto the while label onmailpiece 100. OSS 504 then verifies POSTNET code 202 to confirm thatPOSTNET code 202 is legible. Once POSTNET code 202 is verified, ID Tag204 has no further use.

If ISS 502 cannot resolve the ZIP code from destination address 200,then the mailpiece image, including ID Tag 204, is sent from ISS 502 toan Image Control Unit (ICU) 508. ICU 508 receives delivery address datafrom a Central Database 510 and forwards the data along with themailpiece image, including ID Tag 204, to a Remote Computer Reader (RCR)512. This delivery address data may include ZIP code data, POSTNET data,or temporary ID Tag files, as described in more detail herein. RCR 512first attempts to use the data from the central database toautomatically resolve the ZIP code corresponding to mailpiece 100. Forexample, RCR 512 uses ID Tag 204 to determine if there is a temporaryfile on mailpiece 100 in RBCS 500, which contains the ZIP code data. IfRCR 512 is successful, it returns the ZIP code data to ICU 508, wherethe data is stored in a Decision Storage Unit (DSU) 514. If RCR 512 doesnot successfully resolve the ZIP code corresponding to mailpiece 100,the mailpiece image, including ID Tag 204, is sent from ICU 508 to aKeying Site 516, where a human operator views the mailpiece image andkeys in the ZIP code data, which is returned to ICU 508 and stored inDSU 514. Therefore, in RBCS 500, regardless whether RCR 512 or KeyingSite 516 resolves the ZIP code data, the ZIP code data, in the form ofPOSTNET code 202, is linked to ID Tag 204. All of this information,which is identified by ID Tag 204, is temporarily stored in DSU 514.

If ISS 502 cannot resolve the ZIP code from destination address 200, andwhile the mailpiece image is processed by ICU 508, mailpiece 100 isrouted from ISS 502 to an Output Subsystem (OSS) 504. A Bar Code Sorterat OSS 504 reads ID Tag 204 from mailpiece 100 and transmits a lookuprequest to DSU 514. Once the ZIP code has been resolved for mailpiece100, DSU 514 then retrieves and returns the ZIP code corresponding to IDTag 204 to OSS 504, and OSS 504 then applies POSTNET code 202 tomailpiece 100, if necessary. OSS 504 then verifies POSTNET code 202 toconfirm that POSTNET code 202 is legible. If OSS 504 cannot verifyPOSTNET code 202, mailpiece 100 is sent to LMLM 506 for manualprocessing as described above. OSS 504 then re-sprays and verifiesPOSTNET code 202 to confirm that POSTNET code 202 is legible. OncePOSTNET code 202 is verified, ID Tag 204 has no further use and is nolonger stored in RBCS 500.

After mailpiece 100 is processed by ISS 502 and OSS 504, initial mailprocessing of mailpiece 100 by RBCS 500 is complete at Post Office 104.If destination address 200 of mailpiece 100 indicates that mailpiece 100is local mail, then RBCS 500 directs mailpiece 100 to mail carriers 518.However, if destination address 200 indicates that mailpiece 100 is notlocal mail, then RBCS 500 dispatches mailpiece 100 via one or more modesof transportation 520 to remote delivery sites 522.

4. Detailed Description of ICS

FIG. 6A shows one embodiment of an Identification Code Sorting (ICS)system, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4B. When mailpiece 100 enters PostOffice 104 using ICS system 600, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4B, processingbegins at an ISS 602. A piece of equipment at ISS 602, such as aMultiLine Optical Character Reader Input Subsystem, sprays ID Tag 204onto the back of mailpiece 100, for example, using fluorescent ink. ISS602 also takes an image (e.g., a digital image) of mailpiece 100 andattempts to resolve the ZIP code portion of destination address 200. IfISS 602 successfully resolves the ZIP code portion of destinationaddress 200, ISS 602 then sprays POSTNET code 202 corresponding todestination address 200 onto the front of mailpiece 100, for example,using nonfluorescent ink. Once ICS system 600 has affixed ID Tag 204 andPOSTNET code 202 to mailpiece 100, ISS 602 then sends the POSTNET codeinformation from POSTNET code 202 and ID Tag information from ID Tag 204to ICU 608, where the POSTNET code information from POSTNET code 202 andthe ID Tag information from ID Tag 204 is stored in DSU 614 and ICSBuffer 616.

If ISS 602 can resolve the ZIP code from destination address 200 andobtain POSTNET code 202 on mailpiece 100, ISS 602 then verifies POSTNETcode 202. This may result in a verify error if, for instance, mailpiece100 is a color other than white or has a pattern that obscures POSTNETcode 202. If ISS 602 cannot verify POSTNET code 202, mailpiece 100 issent to an Output Subsystem (OSS) 604. OSS 604 determines whethermailpiece 100 is bound for an ICS-enabled destination. If mailpiece 100is bound for an ICS-enabled destination, then mailpiece 100 stays withinICS system 600 and does not require initial manual intervention.Therefore, in contrast to RBCS 500, a letter mail labeling machine isnot necessary in ICS system 600. However, if mailpiece 100 is not boundfor an ICS-enabled destination, then mailpiece 100 is processed as inRBCS 500, as described above.

If ISS 602 cannot verify POSTNET code 202, ISS 602 may attempt toresolve the ZIP code from destination address 200 on mailpiece 100. IfISS 602 cannot resolve the ZIP code from destination address 200, thenthe mailpiece image, including ID Tag 204, is sent from ISS 602 to anImage Control Unit (ICU) 608. ICU 608 receives delivery address datafrom a Central Database 610 and forwards the data along with themailpiece image, including ID Tag 204, to a Remote Computer Reader (RCR)612. This delivery address data may include ZIP code data, POSTNET data,and/or ID Tag files, as described in more detail herein. RCR 612 firstattempts to use the data from the central database to automaticallyresolve the ZIP code corresponding to mailpiece 100. For example, RCR612 uses ID Tag 204 to determine if there is a file on mailpiece 100 inICS system 600, which contains the ZIP code data. There should be a filefor each mailpiece 100, so there should be a file in ICS system 600,which allows the ZIP code for mailpiece 100 to be resolved automaticallyby ICS system 600 without any human intervention. If RCR 612 issuccessful, it returns the ZIP code data to ICU 608, where the data isstored in a Decision Storage Unit (DSU) 614 and an ICS Buffer 616. IfRCR 612 does not successfully resolve the ZIP code corresponding tomailpiece 100, then mailpiece 100 is processed as in RBCS 500, asdescribed above. Also, if RCR 612 is not successful, ICS system 600 mayuse an Image Buffer 618 for priority designation, as described in moredetail herein.

If ISS 602 cannot resolve the ZIP code from destination address 200, andwhile the mailpiece image is processed by ICU 608, mailpiece 100 isrouted from ISS 602 to OSS 604. A Bar Code Sorter at OSS 604 reads IDTag 204 from mailpiece 100 and transmits a lookup request to DSU 614.Once the ZIP code has been resolved for mailpiece 100, DSU 614 thenretrieves and returns the ZIP code corresponding to ID Tag 204 to OSS604, and OSS 604 then applies POSTNET code 202 to mailpiece 100, ifnecessary. OSS 604 then verifies POSTNET code 202 to confirm thatPOSTNET code 202 is legible. However, in contrast to RBCS 500, even ifOSS 604 cannot verify POSTNET code 202, mailpiece 100 can still beidentified and processed in ICS system 600, if OSS 604 determines thatmailpiece 100 is bound for an ICS-enabled destination. In this scenario,ICS system 600 simply uses ID Tag 204 as the identification code(instead of POSTNET code 202).

Therefore, in contrast to RBCS 500, ICS system 600 provides for thelong-term storage of ID Tags 204 and corresponding POSTNET codes 202,which allows for the automation of tasks previously required to beperformed by human operators. In addition, ICS system 600 provides forthe sharing of this information throughout all phases of theidentification and processing of mailpiece 100. This capability is madepossible by Primary Identification Code Server/Secondary IdentificationCode Server (PICS/SICS) system 622. As described below, PICS/SICS system622 enables downstream mailpiece identification and processing based onID Tag 204, even if POSTNET code 202 becomes illegible. As in RBCS 500,after mailpiece 100 is processed by ISS 602 and OSS 604 in ICS system600, initial mail processing is complete. Thereafter, mailpiece 100 isprocessed as in RBCS 500, a described above.

FIG. 6B shows an alternative embodiment of an Identification CodeSorting (ICS) system, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 4B. In this embodiment,if RCR 612 does not successfully resolve the ZIP code corresponding tomailpiece 100, the mailpiece image is not stored in an image buffer(e.g., Image Buffer 618 in FIG. 6A). Instead, RCR 612 sends themailpiece image to ICU 608 indicating that the ZIP code has not beenresolved, and ICU 608 transmits the mailpiece image to Keying Site 620.At Keying Site 620, processing occurs as described above with referenceto FIG. 6A.

a. Overview of Processing for Mailpiece Image

FIG. 7 is a detailed view of one embodiment of the section of an ICSsystem in which a mailpiece image (including an ID Tag) is processed todetermine a POSTNET code (or ZIP code) corresponding to the destinationaddress of a mailpiece, as shown in FIG. 6A. The mailpiece image (alongwith ID Tag 204), taken at ISS 602, is passed from ISS 602 to ICU 608for processing. From ICU 608, the mailpiece image (and ID Tag 204) ispassed to RCR 612. Also, Central Database 610 (e.g., a USPS masteraddress database) passes data (e.g., POSTNET data and/or ZIP code data)via ICU 608 to RCR 612. RCR 612 processes the mailpiece image to resolveZIP code data using the data received from Central Database 610.Generally, RCR 612 is able to resolve ZIP code data based on a filecontained within Central Database 610—the file is identified by ID Tag204. In effect, ID Tag 204 is used to match the mailpiece image to afile in Central Database 610. In ICS system 600, in contrast to RBCS500, ID Tag 204 may be used to match the proper file in Central Database610 throughout the identification and processing system.

Nonetheless, if RCR 612 fails, then the mailpiece image (and ID Tag 204)is stored in Image Buffer 618 in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6A,which may include a priority designation, and is then sent to KeyingSite 620, where it is processed according to the priority designation(if any). In an alternative embodiment without Image Buffer 618, asshown in FIG. 6B, if RCR 612 does not resolve the ZIP code correspondingto mailpiece 100, RCR 612 sends the mailpiece image (and ID Tag 204) toICU 608 indicating that the ZIP code has not been resolved, and ICU 608then transmits this data to Keying Site 620.

During the subsequent processing in ICS system 600, when a ZIP code forthe mailpiece image is resolved, either by RCR 612 or Keying Site 620,the ZIP code data is returned to ICU 608. ICU 608 then uses the ZIP codedata to resolve the ZIP code for mailpiece 100. To do this, DSU 614 inICU 608 sends the ZIP code data to OSS 604. ICU 608 also saves the ZIPcode data in a storage system. ICU 608 informs Central Database 610 ofthe ZIP code data, which is mapped to ID Tag 204, which maintains along-term storage capability. ICU 608 may also retain a local copy ofthe ZIP code data, which is mapped to ID Tag 204, at Image Buffer 618.As a result, ICS system 600 retains the ability to identify and processmailpiece 100 automatically throughout the delivery stages in a mailsorting system.

b. Detailed Description of Processing for Mailpiece Image

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an Image Control Unit(ICU) in greater detail. ICU 608 directs the processing of a mailpieceimage corresponding to a mailpiece 100 in ICS system 600 to resolve aPOSTNET code 202 (or ZIP code data), using ID Tag 204. ICU 608 receivesfrom ISS 602 and stores the mailpiece image and ID Tag 204. ICU 608 alsoreceives data, such as a master reference table, from Central Database610. Central Database 610 can be, for example, a USPS master addressdatabase or a USPS address change service database. Central Database 610can also contain identification files corresponding to a plurality of IDTags 204. ICU 608 passes the mailpiece image (including ID Tag 204, notshown) and the master reference table to RCR 612.

Processing by RCR 612 is described below, with reference to FIG. 9. IfRCR 612 resolves the identification information, such as, POSTNET code202 (or ZIP code data) corresponding to the mailpiece image, RCR 612passes POSTNET code 202 to ICU 608, and POSTNET code 202 is stored alongwith ID Tag 204 in both DSU 614 and ICS Buffer 616. If RCR 612 does notresolve the identification information, such as, POSTNET code 202, thenRCR 612 passes the mailpiece image and ID Tag 204 to Image Buffer 618.Processing by Image Buffer 618 is described below, with reference toFIG. 10. At a particular time, such as, for example, the end of a mailsort run or the end of the day, Image Buffer 618 passes the mailpieceimage (and ID Tag 204, not shown) to ICU 608, which passes the mailpieceimage to Keying Site 620. Processing by Keying Site 620 is describedbelow, with reference to FIG. 11. Keying Site 620 returns anidentification file, including POSTNET code 202, to ICU 608, where it isstored with ID Tag 204 in both DSU 614 and ICS Buffer 616. DSU 614supplies identification information, such as ID Tag 204 and POSTNET code202 for mailpiece 100, to OSS 604 during initial mail processing. ICSBuffer 616 retains a copy of this identification information locally forICS system 600. A copy of ICS Buffer 616 may be sent to Central Database610 for long-term storage.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Remote Computer Reader(RCR) in greater detail. RCR 612 receives the mailpiece image (includingID Tag 204, not shown) and the master reference table from ICU 608, asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 8. RCR 612 first attempts tocompare the mailpiece image to data in the master reference table toresolve a POSTNET code for the mailpiece (i.e., mailpiece 100)corresponding to the mailpiece image. In doing so, RCR 612 uses ID Tag204 to determine if there is a file on mailpiece 100, which containsidentification information, such as, POSTNET code 202, for mailpiece100. If RCR 612 succeeds, then RCR 612 sends POSTNET code 202 to ICU608. If RCR 612 does not resolve the identification information, then,in one embodiment, RCR 612 assigns a priority designation to themailpiece image and passes the mailpiece image (including ID Tag 204,not shown) and the priority designation to Image Buffer 618. Processingby Image Buffer 618 is described below, with reference to FIG. 10. In analternative embodiment (not shown), if RCR 612 does not resolve thePOSTNET code, RCR 612 can send the mailpiece image or data indicatingthat the identification information has not been resolved back to ICU608. Processing by ICU 608 is described above, with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an Image Buffer ingreater detail. Image Buffer 618 receives a Buffer File 1002 containinga mailpiece image (including ID Tag 204, not shown) and a prioritydesignation from RCR 612. Image Buffer 618 stores Buffer File 1002. Uponthe expiration of a condition (not shown), such as the end of a sort runor the end of the day, or upon receipt of a prompt from (as shown inFIG. 10), for example, RCR 612, Image Buffer 618 sends Buffer File 1002to ICU 608 for processing. Image Buffer 618 may also retain a copy ofthe identification information corresponding to a plurality ofmailpieces 100 (i.e., a copy of a plurality of Buffer Files 1002).Alternatively, in certain other embodiments of ICS system 600, ImageBuffer 618 is not implemented.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Keying Site in greaterdetail. In this embodiment, Keying Site 620 receives a Buffer File 1002from ICU 608 that contains a mailpiece image (including ID Tag 204, notshown) and a corresponding priority designation, which is forwarded to ahuman operator for manual processing according to the prioritydesignation. As shown in FIG. 11, the mailpiece image from Buffer File1002 is presented to an operator at a keying station 1102. The operatorviews the mailpiece image and keys the identification information into acomputer at Keying Site 620, such as the ZIP code information for thePOSTNET code corresponding to the mailpiece image. Keying Site 620 thenreturns the identification information to ICU 608 as an identificationfile. It is to be understood that a priority designation is notnecessary. Alternatively, Keying Site 620 could process mailpiece imageson a first-received, first-processed basis, if priority designations arenot used.

D. Primary Identification Code Server/Secondary Identification CodeServer (PICS/SICS) System

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Primary IdentificationCode Server/Secondary Identification Code Server (PICS/SICS) system, asshown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. As described above in FIGS. 6A and 6B, ICU 608maintains ICS Buffer 616, which stores ID Tags and corresponding POSTNETcodes for mailpieces. ICU 608 may share this information with PICS/SICSsystem 622. As shown in FIG. 12, ICU 608 shares identificationinformation with a Primary Identification Code Server (PICS) 1200 via atelecommunications connection 1202. PICS 1200 in turn shares theidentification information with a Secondary Identification Code Server(SICS) 1204 via a telecommunications connection 1206.

As shown in FIG. 12, PICS 1200 can also communicate with a Value AddedService System 1208 via telecommunications link 1210. Value AddedService System 1208 can be, for example, a system to track and reportthe performance of PICS/SICS system 622. Telecommunications connections1202, 1206, and 1210 can be, for example, an Internet connection, atelephone line with a modem, a local area network (LAN), or a wide areanetwork (WAN). In systems consistent with the present invention, PICS1200 can communicate with multiple SICS to share a plurality ofidentification information about a plurality of mailpieces. As alsoshown in FIG. 12, PICS 1200 communicates with Bar Code Sorters (BCS)1212, 1214, and 1216. SICS 1204 communicates with BCS 1218 and 1220. Ofcourse, each PICS and SICS can interface with any number of BCSconsistent with the present invention. The communication with Bar CodeSorters is described in further detail below, with reference to FIGS. 14and 15.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 12, PICS system 1230, which contains PICS1200 and BCS 1212, 1214, and 1216, is in the same physical location,such as, for example, a USPS Mail Processing & Distribution Center. Inone implementation, a dedicated ICS local area network connects BCS1212, 1214, and 1216 to PICS 1200. SICS system 1240, which contains SICS1204 and BCS 1218 and 1220, is in a different physical location, suchas, for example, a USPS Associate Office. In one implementation, adedicated ICS local area network connects BCS 1218 and 1220 to SICS1204. Other configurations of PICS system 1230 and/or SICS system 1240are possible.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Primary IdentificationCode Server (PICS), as shown in FIG. 12. As described above, PICS 1200communicates with ICU 608 via telecommunications connection 1202. In oneimplementation, PICS 1200 maintains a Local.Sat file 1306 that includesall of the geographic areas, i.e., ZIP code zones, served by PICS 1200.PICS 1200 also includes a Mode Indicator 1308 that can be set to eitherlocal or national mode. In local mode, PICS 1200 communicates with oneor more Bar Code Sorters (BCS) 1302, one or more SecondaryIdentification Code Servers (SICS) 1304, and one or more PICS. Innational mode, PICS 1200 may additionally communicate with PICS 1200 viaone or more Electronic Post Offices (EPOs) (not shown). National mode isdescribed below, with reference to FIGS. 15A and 15B.

As shown in the depicted implementation in FIG. 13, to identifyinformation processed between ICU 608 and PICS 1200, PICS 1200 maintainsa Lookup Table 1310. Identification files, or ID files, containing IDTag and POSTNET data, are stored in the identification files in LookupTable 1310. To serve one or more SICS 1304, PICS 1200 includes aSICS_ZIP Data File Generator 1312 and a SICS Service Area Table Database1314. SICS_ZIP Data File Generator 1312 is used by PICS 1200 to create aSICS_ZIP Data File (not shown here, but see below) for each SICSconnected to PICS 1200 by matching identification files from LookupTable 1310 to the service area of each SICS. The service area of eachSICS connected to PICS 1200, i.e., the geographic area served by eachSICS, is stored in a SICS Service Area Table in SICS Service Area TableDatabase 1314.

FIG. 14 shows one embodiment of how a PICS functions, as shown in FIG.13. PICS 1200 receives an identification file, including ID Tag 204 andPOSTNET code 202, from ICU 608 via telecommunications link 1202. PICS1200 stores the identification file in Lookup Table 1310. As shown inFIG. 14, each identification file 1420 contains an identification code(ID code) 1422, such as, for example, ID Tag 204, and a postal code1424, such as, for example, POSTNET code 202. In addition,identification file 1420 can include additional information, such as,for example, an image capture time or status bits indicating variousaspects of the identification file. PICS 1200 contains SICS_ZIP DataFile Generator 1312. SICS_ZIP Data File Generator 1312 is used by PICS1200 to create a SICS_ZIP Data File 1406 for each SICS connected to PICS1200 by matching identification files 1420 from Lookup Table 1310 to theservice area of each SICS from SICS Service Area Table Database 1314.PICS 1200 maintains SICS Service Area Table Database 1314, whichincludes a set of SICS Service Area Tables corresponding to each SICSserved by PICS 1200. For example, SICS 1404 would have a correspondingSICS Service Area Table 1315 in SICS Service Area Table Database 1314.

In one implementation of ICS system 600, referring to FIG. 14, PICS 1200has two functions. A first function of PICS 1200 is to resolve mailpieceinformation for Bar Code Sorter (BCS) 1402. To do this, BCS 1402 readsan identification code 1410 from a mailpiece and sends theidentification code (or ID code or ID Tag) to PICS 1200, such as, forexample, via a dedicated ICS local area network (not shown). PICS 1200looks up identification code 1410 in Lookup Table 1310, and returnsidentification information, i.e., the ZIP code or the POSTNET code,corresponding to identification code 1410 to BCS 1402.

To do so, PICS 1200 matches identification code 1410 with anidentification code contained in an identification file, such asidentification code 1422 in identification file 1420. Because ICS system600 had previously created identification file 1420 corresponding to asingle mailpiece (using the unique identification code 1422), PICS 1200can accurately obtain the identification information usingidentification file 1420, which matches identification code 1422 toidentification code 1410. Thereby, PICS 1200 can also determine thatpostal code 1424 corresponds to identification code 1410. PICS 1200 thenreturns identification information 1430 to BCS 1402. In one embodiment,identification information 1430 is postal code 1424. In an alternativeembodiment, identification information 1430 is identification code 1422.In another alternative embodiment, identification information 1430 isidentification file 1420. In still another alternative embodiment,identification information 1430 can be an entirely different code.

A second function of PICS 1200 is to share information with one or moreSICS 1404. To do this, at predetermined intervals, PICS 1200 sendsinformation to SICS 1404 via a telecommunications connection. Theseintervals can be based on time (e.g., every twenty minutes, every hour,etc.) or on another measurement (e.g., once 20,000 identification filesare stored in Lookup Table 1310, etc.). PICS 1200 uses SICS_ZIP DataFile Generator 1312 to create a SICS_ZIP Data File 1406. SICS_ZIP DataFile 1406 contains the identification files from Lookup Table 1310 for aparticular SICS 1404. SICS_ZIP Data File Generator 1312 uses theappropriate SICS Service Area Table 1315 corresponding to SICS 1404 todetermine which identification files are included in SICS_ZIP Data File1406. For example, in SICS Service Area Table Database 1314, there is aSICS Service Area Table 1315 that identifies the service area for aparticular SICS, e.g., the ZIP codes for the zones served by SICS 1404.Thus, using this information (for purposes of this example), SICS_ZIPData File Generator 1312 collects all identification files (e.g.,identification files 1407) with the ZIP codes from SICS Service AreaTable 1315 and creates SICS_ZIP Data File 1406. At the predeterminedinterval (described above), PICS 1200 then sends SICS_ZIP Data File 1406containing identification files 1407 to SICS 1404.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a SecondaryIdentification Code Server (SICS), as shown in FIG. 14. In FIG. 15, SICS1404 performs the same basic function as PICS 1200 with respect to BarCode Sorters. SICS 1404 resolves mailpiece information for one or moreBar Code Sorters, e.g., Bar Code Sorter (BCS) 1502. To do this, SICS1404 receives a SICS_ZIP Data File 1406 from PICS 1200. For example,SICS_ZIP Data File 1406 may include a collection of identification files1407 corresponding to mailpieces destined for postal codes within theservice area of SICS 1404. In one implementation, when BCS 1502 reads anidentification code 1510 from a mailpiece, BCS 1502 sends identificationcode 1510 to SICS 1404, such as, for example, over a dedicated ICS localarea network (not shown). SICS 1404 looks up identification code 1510 inSICS_ZIP Data File 1406 and returns identification information, e.g.,the ZIP code or the POSTNET code, to BCS 1502 in the form ofidentification information 1520. Accordingly, in this implementation,BCS 1502 can use identification information 1520 to identify and processthe mailpiece even if the ZIP code or the POSTNET code is illegible.Thus, like PICS 1200, SICS 1404 can determine mailpiece information fora Bar Code Sorter 1502.

FIG. 15A is a diagram of one embodiment of a plurality of PrimaryIdentification Code Servers operating in national mode. As in localmode, in which a PICS shares mailpiece identification information withone or more SICS and one or more PICS (see FIG. 13), in national mode, aPICS additionally shares mailpiece identification with other PICS viaone or more Electronic Post Offices (EPOs). As shown in FIG. 15A, aplurality of PICS 1505 are connected to a plurality of EPOs 1502. In oneimplementation, PICS 1510, PICS 1511, and PICS 1512 are connected to ICSElectronic Post Office West 1504, ICS Electronic Post Office Central1506, and ICS Electronic Post Office East 1508 via a network (notshown). Any number of PICS can be connected to any number of EPOs. Thisnational mode implementation allows for broad interoperability among anunlimited number of PICS and EPOs. For example, as shown in FIG. 15A,PICS 1510 may receive identification files for all mailpieces processedby all PICS in an ICS system 600. By allowing PICS 1510 to communicatewith one or more of EPOs 1504, 1506, and 1508, the identification filesfor mailpieces bound for areas served by PICS 1511 and PICS 1512 arealso sent from PICS 1510 to PICS 1511 and PICS 1512. Therefore, nationalmode allows for complete interoperability among all the components of anICS system 600.

FIG. 15B illustrates one embodiment of a process by which the sharing ofmailpiece identification files takes place in national mode, as shown inFIG. 15A. As shown in FIG. 15B, in national mode, PICS 1510 collectsidentification files in Lookup Table 1512, as described above. PICS 1510then determines which of the identification files in Lookup Table 1512are served by other PICS/SICS systems using a Local.Sat file 1514, asdescribed above. PICS 1510 maintains an EPO.Sat file 1513 to define whatrecords are to be sent to other PICS via EPOs. In one embodiment,Local.Sat file 1514 can contain a list of all ZIP codes served by PICS1510 (as well as any SICS connected to PICS 1510). In this embodiment,EPO.Sat file 1513 can be the inverse of Local.Sat file 1514. PICS 1510can have a National Mode indicator 1511. In national mode, PICS 1510periodically sends these identification files to a primary EPO 1520 viaa network connection (not depicted). PICS 1510 also sends a copy ofLocal.Sat file 1514 to primary EPO 1520. Local.Sat file 1514 contains alist of all the ZIP codes served by PICS 1510. In one implementation,PICS 1510 may also have a secondary EPO for use in case primary EPO 1520is unavailable or inoperative (not shown).

Once PICS 1510 has transferred the identification files to EPO 1520, EPO1520 collects and stores the identification files in a Storage Buffer1514. EPO 1520 also collects and stores any Local.Sat files 1514 in aplurality of Table Buffers 1516. Each PICS table 1518 in PICS TableBuffer 1516 is created using the Local.Sat files received from theplurality of PICS operating in national mode, such as, PICS 1510. Forexample, when EPO 1520 receives Local.Sat file 1514 from PICS 1510, EPO1520 creates a PICS Table 1518 corresponding to PICS 1510. Thereafter,in an implementation based on ZIP codes, as EPO 1520 receivesidentification files from other PICS, EPO 1520 stores the identificationfiles matching the ZIP codes in PICS Table Buffer 1516 in thecorresponding PICS Table for each respective PICS (e.g., if the ZIP codematches the ZIP codes in PICS Table 1518 corresponding to Local.Sat file1514, the identification file is matched to PICS Table 1518). Atpredetermined intervals (similar to the predetermined intervalsdescribed above), EPO 1520 then sends a copy of each PICS Table in PICSTable Buffer 1516 to its corresponding PICS. For example, if EPO 1520collects identification files corresponding to PICS 1530 into a PICSTable 1519, EPO 1520 may send PICS table 1519 to PICS 1530.Additionally, EPO 1520 may also send a copy of National.Sat file 1515 toPICS 1530. National.Sat file 1515 is a compilation of all Local.Satfiles received by EPO 1520. National.Sat file 1518 can be used by EPO1520 to monitor all areas services by ICS system 600. If a copy istransferred from EPO 1520 to PICS 1530, National.Sat file 1518 can alsobe used by PICS 1530 to monitor all areas that are served by ICS system600.

E. Common Sorter Software

As described above, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, both PICS and SICSexchange information with Bar Code Sorters (BCS). For example, PICS 1200in FIG. 13 exchanges information with a plurality of BCS 1302, and aplurality of SICS 1304 exchange information with a plurality of BCS1306. Throughout ICS system 600, different types of BCS are used to readidentification information from a mailpiece and process the mailpiecethrough a PICS or a SICS. Accordingly, using the same example from FIG.13, a common sorter software is needed to allow PICS 1200 and SICS 1304to exchange information with BCS 1302 and BCS 1306, respectively.

FIG. 16 depicts one embodiment of a PICS/SICS system incorporatingCommon Sorter Software. Common Sorter Software 1602 performs a number oftasks, including, for example, initiating a connection between a BCS anda PICS and/or SICS, transmitting information between the BCS and thePICS and/or SICS, and terminating the connection between the BCS and thePICS and/or SICS. In this way, PICS 1200 processes mailpiece informationfor BCS 1212, 1214, and 1216, using Common Sorter Software 1602.Additionally, SICS 1204 processes mailpiece information for BCS 1218 and1220, using Common Sorter Software 1602. Regardless of the type of BCS,Common Sorter Software 1602 provides a common interface between the BCSand a PICS and/or SICS. Therefore, Common Sorter Software 1602 isinfinitely compatible (with any BCS) and infinitely expandable (to anynumber of BCS devices). Notably, in one implementation, Common SorterSoftware 1602 is software, but Common Sorter Software 1602 may also behardware.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Bar Code Sorter (BCS)system using Common Sorter Software to connect to a PICS. BCS system1700 includes BCS 1212 and Common Sorter Software 1602. Common SorterSoftware 1602 provides an interface between BCS system 1700 and PICS1710. Of course, one skilled in the art would understand that other BCSmay be similarly configured or that BCS 1212 may use Common SorterSoftware 1602 to interface with a SICS rather than a PICS (i.e., PICS1700).

FIG. 18 illustrates various embodiments of Bar Code Sorters using CommonSorter Software to connect to a PICS/SICS such as the BCS systems shownin FIG. 17. As illustrated in FIG. 18, Common Sorter Software 1602 canbe used with a Mail Processing Bar Code Sorter (MPBCS) 1802, aDownstream Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) 1804, a Carrier Sequence Bar CodeSorter (CSBCS) 1806, an Output Subsystem/Bar Code Sorter (OSS/BCS) 1808,or any other type of Bar Code Sorter.

FIGS. 19A-19C illustrate one embodiment for a process used by oneembodiment of Common Sorter Software during the identification andprocessing of a mailpiece by any of the Bar Code Sorters (BCS), such asthose shown in FIG. 18. First, as shown in FIG. 19A, after an operator1900 has loaded the mailpieces into BCS 1212, operator 1900 enters a‘Start Run’ command into BCS 1212. BCS 1212 then begins the process ofattempting to identify and process the mailpieces. During this process,a connection with a PICS/SICS 1810 may become necessary. BCS 1212 usesCommon Sorter Software 1602 to establish a connection with PICS/SICS1810. As shown in FIG. 19B, operator 1900 can constantly supervise theidentification and processing of the mailpieces on BCS 1212 (i.e.,throughout the “mail sort run”). During this period, BCS 1212 usesCommon Sorter Software 1602 to communicate with PICS/SICS 1810throughout the mail sort run. As shown in FIG. 19C, once the mail sortrun is complete, operator 1900 enters an ‘End Run’ command into BCS1212, and Common Sorter Software 1602 breaks the connection withPICS/SICS 1810 until the next mail sort run. One skilled in the artwould be aware of alternative processes by which BCS 1212 could connectwith PICS/SICS 1810 via Common Sorter Software 1602.

F. Universal ID Tag Reader

As described above, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a Bar Code Sorter (BCS)is used by ICS system 600 to read information from a mailpiece and toidentify and process the mailpiece according to the information. As alsodescribed above, ICS system 600 uses special codes for theidentification and processing of mail, namely, the POSTNET code (on thefront of the mailpiece) and the identification code (on the back of themailpiece). To read the identification code off the back of themailpiece, RBCS 500 and ICS system 600 include special apparatus andprocesses, such as an ID Tag Reader (in RBCS 500) and an Universal IDTag Reader (in ICS system 600).

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a Bar Code Sorter (BCS) consistent withone embodiment of the present invention, for example, as used by a RBCS,which includes, for example, an RBCS ID Tag Reader. BCS 1212 includes aBar Code Sorting System 2002, Common Sorter Software 1602, and a RBCS IDTag Reader 2000. As described above, RBCS 500 makes only limited use ofan identification code, because identification files are temporary andmay only be used locally. For this reason, RBCS ID Tag Reader 2000 isgenerally used with a single type of BCS, namely, the OSS/BCS 1808, asshown in FIG. 18.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a Bar Code Sorter (BCS) consistent withone embodiment of the present invention, for example, as used by an ICSsystem, which includes, for example, a Universal ID Tag Reader. BCS 1212in ICS system 600 includes Bar Code Sorting System 2002, Common SorterSoftware 1602, and a Universal ID Tag Reader 2100. As described above,ICS system 600 makes widespread use of an identification code, andtherefore, Universal ID Tag Reader 2100 has many applications. Forexample, Universal ID Tag Reader 2100 can be used on any type of BCS,including MPBCS 1802, DBCS 1804, CSBCS 1806, and OSS/BCS 1808, as shownin FIG. 18.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a Universal ID TagReader (UIDTR). UIDTR 2100 includes two main components: a Reader HeadAssembly 2200 and a Reader Unit 2202 connected by a Fiber Optic Cable2204. Notably, because Reader Head Assembly 2200 is separate from ReaderUnit 2202, Reader Head Assembly 2200 may be placed in an assortment ofdifferent positions within ICS system 600, connected by Fiber OpticCable 2204. In contrast to RBCS ID Tag Reader 2000, therefore, UIDTR2100 has increased flexibility and usability in ICS system 600.

FIG. 23 illustrates one embodiment of a UIDTR in greater detail, asshown in FIG. 22. Reader Head Assembly 2200 includes an InfraredReceiver 2302 and a Lens 2304. Reader Unit 2202 includes a Reader LogicUnit 2306, a Light Source 2308, a Light Filter Unit 2310, a SignalConverter 2318, and a Port 2320. In this embodiment, Light Filter Unit2310 includes a first Light Filter 2312, a second Light Filter 2314, anda third Light Filter 2316. One skilled in the art would recognize thatother embodiments may be used for the arrangement of light filters inReader Unit 2202. Reader Head Assembly 2200 is connected to Reader Unit2202 via Fiber Optic Bundle 2204.

FIGS. 24A-24D illustrate the operation of one embodiment of a UIDTRwhile processing a mailpiece, according to one embodiment of theinvention. As shown in FIG. 24A, mailpiece 100 includes anidentification code, i.e., an ID code. When mailpiece 100 is placedbefore Universal ID Tag Reader 2100, a light barrier signal is generatedat Infrared Receiver 2302. Infrared Receiver 2302 passes the lightbarrier signal to Reader Logic Unit 2306. The light barrier signalindicates that there is a mailpiece ready to be processed. As shown inFIG. 24B, reader Logic Unit 2306 then supplies power to Light Source2308. The light from Light Source 2308 travels over Fiber Optic Bundle2204 and illuminates the ID code on the mailpiece. As shown in FIG. 24C,lens 2304 then focuses the ID code onto Fiber Optic Bundle 2204. In oneembodiment, Fiber Optic Bundle 2204 may divide the light into at leastthree bundles. One skilled in the art would recognize that otherembodiments may be used, including less than three bundles. Each bundleis directed a light filter in Light Filter Unit 2310. The first bundleis filtered through a First Light Filter 2312, the second bundle isfiltered through a Second Light Filter 2314, and the third bundle isfiltered through a Third Light Filter 2316. In this embodiment, thelight filters (i.e., First Light Filter 2312, Second Light Filter 2314,and Third Light Filter 2316) respond to different frequencies of thefluorescent spectrum. The analog signals output by Light Filter Unit2310 are then converted into digital signals by Signal Converter 2318,e.g., an analog/digital converter. Finally, as shown in FIG. 24D, thedigital signal from Signal Converter 2318 is passed to Reader Logic Unit2306, where the digital signal is converted into an ID codecorresponding to the ID code on mailpiece 100. Reader Logic Unit 2306passes the ID code to Port 2320, and the ID code is passed back to BCS1212.

FIG. 25 shows optional components of an embodiment of a UIDTR such asthe UIDTR in FIG. 22. As shown in FIG. 25, an operator 2500 can operateUniversal ID Tag Reader 2100 using one or more Light Emitting Diodes2502 on Reader Head Assembly 2200 and one or more Light Emitting Diodes2504 and Push Buttons 2506, located on Reader Unit 2202. Light EmittingDiodes 2502 and/or Light Emitting Diodes 2504 can display diagnosticinformation, such as ‘System OK’ or ‘Power OK,’ or function options,such as ‘Reset,’ to operator 2500. Operator 2500 can use Push Buttons2506 to display diagnostic information, to select function options or toinput other data.

FIG. 26 shows still additional optional components of another embodimentof a UIDTR, such as the UIDTR in FIG. 22. Port 2602 can support, forexample, transistor transistor logic (TTL) and Port 2604 can support,for example, differential logic. These optional component ports mayenable, for example, UIDTR 2100 to function with an expanded variety ofBar Code Sorters.

VI. CONCLUSION

As described above, therefore, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that various modifications and variations can be made in themethods and apparatus of the present invention without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that thepresent invention cover the modifications and variations of thisinvention, provided they come within the scope of the appended claimsand their equivalents. In this context, equivalents mean each and everyimplementation for carrying out the functions recited in the claims,even if not explicitly described herein.

1. An identification code reader for reading an identification code froma mailpiece, comprising: a reader unit, which further comprises: areader logic unit; a light filter unit; and a signal converter forconverting an output of the light filter unit to an electrical signal; areader head assembly, which further comprises: an infrared light source;a lens focusing output of a light source on the mailpiece; and aninfrared receiver receiving light through the lens reflected by themailpiece; and an optical cable connecting the reader head assembly tothe reader unit.
 2. The identification code reader of claim 1, furthercomprising: a mounting unit for mounting the identification code readeron a mail sorter.
 3. The identification code reader of claim 1, whereinthe signal converter converts an analog signal from the light filterunit into a digital signal.
 4. The identification code reader of claim1, wherein the reader unit further comprises a synchronous serial port.5. The identification code reader of claim 4, wherein the synchronousserial port uses transistor transistor logic.
 6. The identification codereader of claim 4, wherein the synchronous serial port uses differentiallogic.
 7. The identification code reader of claim 1, wherein the readerhead assembly further comprises an input device receivingoperator-entered function selections.
 8. The identification code readerof claim 1, wherein the reader unit further comprises a set of pushbuttons used by an operator to select functions.
 9. The identificationcode reader of claim 1, wherein the reader head assembly furthercomprises one or more light emitting diodes.
 10. The identification codereader of claim 1, further comprising a power supply.
 11. Theidentification code reader of claim 1, wherein the reader unit furthercomprises the light source.
 12. The identification code reader of claim1, wherein the reader head assembly further comprises the light source.13. The identification code reader of claim 1, wherein the optical cableis a fiber optic bundle.
 14. The identification code reader of claim 1,wherein the reader unit further comprises one or more light emittingdiodes. 15-84. (canceled)
 85. A mail processing system for processing amailpiece, comprising: a mail processing device; a two-partidentification code reader connected to the mail processing device; andsorter application software for communicating between the mailprocessing device and an identification code server.
 86. The system ofclaim 85, wherein the mail processing device is a Mail Processing BarCode Sorter.
 87. The system of claim 85, wherein the mail processingdevice is a Delivery Bar Code Sorter.
 88. The system of claim 85,wherein the mail processing device is a Carrier Sequence Bar CodeSorter.
 89. The system of claim 85, wherein the mail processing deviceis an Output Subsystem/Bar Code Sorter.
 90. The system of claim 85,wherein the identification code reader is a RBCS ID Tag Reader.
 91. Thesystem of claim 85, wherein the identification code reader is aUniversal ID Tag Reader.
 92. The system of claim 85, wherein theidentification code server is a PICS server.
 93. The system of claim 85,wherein the identification code server is a SICS server.
 94. A methodfor processing a mailpiece by a mail processing device, comprising thesteps of: reading an identification code from the mailpiece, using atwo-part identification code reader; transmitting the identificationcode to an identification code server, via sorter application software;and processing mailpiece information between the mail processing deviceand the identification code server, via the sorter application software.95. The method of claim 94, wherein the mail processing device is a MailProcessing Bar Code Sorter.
 96. The method of claim 94, wherein the mailprocessing device is a Delivery Bar Code Sorter.
 97. The method of claim94, wherein the mail processing device is a Carrier Sequence Bar CodeSorter.
 98. The method of claim 94, wherein the mail processing deviceis an Output Subsystem/Bar Code Sorter.
 99. The system of claim 94,wherein the identification code reader is a RBCS ID Tag Reader.
 100. Themethod of claim 94, wherein the identification code reader is aUniversal ID Tag Reader.
 101. The method of claim 94, wherein theidentification code server is a PICS server.
 102. The method of claim94, wherein the identification code server is a SICS server.
 103. Asystem for processing a mailpiece by a mail processing device,comprising: a reading component configured to read an identificationcode from the mailpiece, using a two-part identification code reader; atransmitting component configured to transmit the identification code toan identification code server, via sorter application software; and aprocessing component configured to process mailpiece information betweenthe mail processing device and the identification code server, via thesorter application software.
 104. The system of claim 103, wherein themail processing device is a Mail Processing Bar Code Sorter.
 105. Thesystem of claim 103, wherein the mail processing device is a DeliveryBar Code Sorter.
 106. The system of claim 103, wherein the mailprocessing device is a Carrier Sequence Bar Code Sorter.
 107. The systemof claim 103, wherein the mail processing device is an OutputSubsystem/Bar Code Sorter.
 108. The system of claim 103, wherein theidentification code reader is a RBCS ID Tag Reader.
 109. The system ofclaim 103, wherein the identification code reader is a Universal ID TagReader.
 110. The system of claim 103, wherein the identification codeserver is a PICS server.
 111. The system of claim 103, wherein theidentification code server is a SICS server.
 112. A system forprocessing a mailpiece by a mail processing device, comprising: meansfor reading an identification code from the mailpiece, using a two-partidentification code reader; means for transmitting the identificationcode to an identification code server, via sorter application software;and means for processing mailpiece information between the mailprocessing device and the identification code server, via the sorterapplication software.
 113. A computer usable medium having computerreadable code embodied therein for processing a mailpiece by a mailprocessing device, the computer readable code comprising: a readingmodule configured to read an identification code from the mailpiece,using a two-part identification code reader; a transmitting moduleconfigured to transmit the identification code to an identification codeserver, via sorter application software; and a processing moduleconfigured to process mailpiece information between the mail processingdevice and the identification code server, via the sorter application